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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-021-01-0023</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">22876</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>L.3.5 - Online Education</subject>
          <subject>L.3.6 - Technology Enhanced Learning</subject>
          <subject>L.3 - METHODOLOGY/TOOLS/TECHNOLOGY</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Dropout Prediction and Reduction in Distance Education Courses with the Learning Analytics Multitrail Approach</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Cambruzzi</surname>
            <given-names>Wagner</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">wagner@cambruzzi.com.br</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Rigo</surname>
            <given-names>Sandro José</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge Luis Victória</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brazil</addr-line>
        <institution>Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">São Leopoldo</addr-line>
        <country>Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Wagner Cambruzzi (<email xlink:type="simple">wagner@cambruzzi.com.br</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>21</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>23</fpage>
      <lpage>47</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/CCE2803A-53E6-5AB7-B084-498A14EB4D37">CCE2803A-53E6-5AB7-B084-498A14EB4D37</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5504705">5504705</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Wagner Cambruzzi, Sandro José Rigo, Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Distance Education courses are present in large number of educational institutions. Virtual Learning Environments development contributes to this wide adoption of Distance Education modality and allows new pedagogical methodologies. However, dropout rates observed in these courses are very expressive, both in public and private educational institutions. This paper presents a Learning Analytics system developed to deal with dropout problem in Distance Education courses on university-level education. Several complementary tools, allowing data visualization, dropout predictions, support to pedagogical actions and textual analysis, among others, are available in the system. The implementation of these tools is feasible due to the adoption of an approach called Multitrail to represent and manipulate data from several sources and formats. The obtained results from experiments carried out with courses in a Brazilian university show the dropout prediction with an average of 87% precision. A set of pedagogical actions concerning students among the higher probabilities of dropout was implemented and we observed average reduction of 11% in dropout rates.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
