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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-021-01-0093</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">22881</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>L.2.2 - Personalization and Profiling</subject>
          <subject>M.0 - KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION</subject>
          <subject>M.4 - KNOWLEDGE MODELING</subject>
          <subject>M.5 - KNOWLEDGE PERSONALIZATION AND CUSTOMIZATION</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Towards a Learning-Aware Application Guided by Hierarchical Classification of Learner Profiles</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Taraghi</surname>
            <given-names>Benham</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">b.taraghi@tugraz.at</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Saranti</surname>
            <given-names>Anna</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Ebner</surname>
            <given-names>Martin</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5789-5296</uri>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Müller</surname>
            <given-names>Vinzent</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Großmann</surname>
            <given-names>Arndt</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria</addr-line>
        <institution>Graz University of Technology</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Graz</addr-line>
        <country>Austria</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">UnlockYourBrain GmbH, Berlin, Germany</addr-line>
        <institution>UnlockYourBrain GmbH</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Berlin</addr-line>
        <country>Germany</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Benham Taraghi (<email xlink:type="simple">b.taraghi@tugraz.at</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>21</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>93</fpage>
      <lpage>109</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/78C82D2D-23A6-519F-BBF7-F3F8EE9EBA6B">78C82D2D-23A6-519F-BBF7-F3F8EE9EBA6B</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5504711">5504711</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Benham Taraghi, Anna Saranti, Martin Ebner, Vinzent Müller, Arndt Großmann</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Learner profiling is a methodology that draws a parallel from user profiling. Implicit feedback is often used in recommender systems to create and adapt user profiles. In this work the implicit feedback is based on the learner's answering behaviour in the Android application UnlockYourBrain, which poses different basic mathematical questions to the learners. We introduce an analytical approach to model the learners' profile according to the learner's answering behaviour. Furthermore, similar learner's profiles are grouped together to construct a learning behaviour cluster. The choice of hierarchical clustering as a means of classification of learners' profiles derives from the observations of learners behaviour. This in turn reflects the similarities and subtle differences of learner behaviour, which are further analysed in more detail. Building awareness about the learner's behaviour is the first and necessary step for future learning-aware applications.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
