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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-018-02-0177</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">22926</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>I.2.4 - Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Generic Temporal and Fuzzy Ontological Framework (GTFOF) for Developing Temporal-Fuzzy Database Model for Managing Patient's Data</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Mahmood</surname>
            <given-names>Nadeem</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">nmahmood@uok.edu.pk</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Burney</surname>
            <given-names>S. M. Aqil</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Ahsan</surname>
            <given-names>Kamran</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan</addr-line>
        <institution>University of Karachi</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Karachi</addr-line>
        <country>Pakistan</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Staffordshire University, Stafford, United Kingdom</addr-line>
        <institution>Staffordshire University</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Stafford</addr-line>
        <country>United Kingdom</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Nadeem Mahmood (<email xlink:type="simple">nmahmood@uok.edu.pk</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2012</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2012</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>18</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>177</fpage>
      <lpage>193</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/77D354FF-0B5F-5767-9420-1E19C54122CB">77D354FF-0B5F-5767-9420-1E19C54122CB</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5504765">5504765</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2011</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2011</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Nadeem Mahmood, S. M. Aqil Burney, Kamran Ahsan</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>A generic temporal and fuzzy ontological framework (GTFOF) is presented, specific to the task of designing temporal and fuzzy database system. The framework includes both time and fuzzy dimension in deigning patient information system in a hospital environment. The proposed framework is essential for developing knowledge management systems (KMS) in healthcare environments. The importance of ontological models in the development of patient information system is well established and it provides the logical and formal mechanism for building KMS. Healthcare information systems may include complex data such as time stamped data and fuzzy data about patients. This paper highlights the importance of identifying the key concepts for building an ontological framework to manage both temporal and fuzzy information content. The proposed generic framework is capable of integrating and mapping the proposed ontological model into an effective database design for implementation.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
