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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-021-03-0406</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23037</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>H.2 - DATABASE MANAGEMENT</subject>
          <subject>H.3.7 - Digital Libraries</subject>
          <subject>H.5.4 - Hypertext/Hypermedia</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>On the Security of a User Equipment Registration Procedure in Femtocell-Enabled Networks</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Chen</surname>
            <given-names>Chien-Ming</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">dr.chien-ming.chen@ieee.org</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Wu</surname>
            <given-names>Tsu-Yang</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Tso</surname>
            <given-names>Raylin</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Mambo</surname>
            <given-names>Masahiro</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Wu</surname>
            <given-names>Mu-En</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China</addr-line>
        <institution>Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Shenzhen</addr-line>
        <country>China</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">National Chengchi University, Taipei, </addr-line>
        <institution>National Chengchi University</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Taipei</addr-line>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Japan, Kanazawa, </addr-line>
        <institution>Japan</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Kanazawa</addr-line>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A4">
        <label>4</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Soochow University, Taipei, </addr-line>
        <institution>Soochow University</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Taipei</addr-line>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Chien-Ming Chen (<email xlink:type="simple">dr.chien-ming.chen@ieee.org</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>21</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>406</fpage>
      <lpage>418</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/1A6480D8-E258-5AFD-AD54-9082B5B5B418">1A6480D8-E258-5AFD-AD54-9082B5B5B418</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5504919">5504919</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Chien-Ming Chen, Tsu-Yang Wu, Raylin Tso, Masahiro Mambo, Mu-En Wu</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Mobile data traffic has been growing at an increasing rate with the popularity of smartphones, tablets, and other wireless devices. To reduce the load on the network, mobile network operators deploy femtocells to increase their coverage and performance and to eliminate wireless notspots. Femtocells are low-cost devices that connect a new femtocell network architecture to the core telecommunication network through a licensed spectrum and standardized interface protocols. In this paper, we first note that the user equipment registration procedure, which is defined in the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) standard, in a femtocellenabled network is vulnerable to denial-of-service attacks. We then propose a mechanism to defend against these attacks. For compatibility, the proposed mechanism makes use of the well-defined control message in the 3GPP standard and modifies the user equipment registration procedure as little as possible.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
