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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-024-04-0475</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23150</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>I.2.10 - Vision and Scene Understanding</subject>
          <subject>I.4.6 - Segmentation</subject>
          <subject>I.5.4 - Applications</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Real Time Path Finding for Assisted Living Using Deep Learning</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Malūkas</surname>
            <given-names>Ugnius</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">ugnius@malukas.lt</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Maskeliūnas</surname>
            <given-names>Rytis</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Damaševičius</surname>
            <given-names>Robertas</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-1084</uri>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Woźniak</surname>
            <given-names>Marcin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Rubedo sistemos, Kaunas, Lithuania</addr-line>
        <institution>Rubedo sistemos</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Kaunas</addr-line>
        <country>Lithuania</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania</addr-line>
        <institution>Kaunas University of Technology</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Kaunas</addr-line>
        <country>Lithuania</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland</addr-line>
        <institution>Silesian University of Technology</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Gliwice</addr-line>
        <country>Poland</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Ugnius Malūkas (<email xlink:type="simple">ugnius@malukas.lt</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>24</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>475</fpage>
      <lpage>487</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/BDC1D5C3-35B9-55A6-BCA4-F21628512000">BDC1D5C3-35B9-55A6-BCA4-F21628512000</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5505069">5505069</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Ugnius Malūkas, Rytis Maskeliūnas, Robertas Damaševičius, Marcin Woźniak</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>The paper presents a computer vision based system, which performs real time path finding for visually impaired or blind people. The semantic segmentation of camera images is performed using deep convolutional neural network (CNN), which able to recognize patterns across image feature space. Out of three different CNN architectures (AlexNet, GoogLeNet and VGG) analysed, the fully connected VGG16 neural network is shown to perform best in the semantic segmentation task. The algorithm for extracting and finding paths, obstacles and path boundaries is presented. The experiments performed using own dataset (300 images extracted from two hours of video recording walking in outdoors environment) show that the developed system is able to find paths, path objects and path boundaries with an accuracy of 96.1 ± 2.6%.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
