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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-019-07-0912</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23319</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>H.4.1 - Office Automation</subject>
          <subject>K.3.1 - Computer Uses in Education</subject>
          <subject>K.6.m - Miscellaneous</subject>
          <subject>K.8.m - Miscellaneous</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>PETs at CSCL Service: Underutilised Potentials for Privacy Enhancing Distance Education</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Bourimi</surname>
            <given-names>Mohamed</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">bourimi@wiwi.uni-siegen.de</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Kesdogan</surname>
            <given-names>Dogan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Heupel</surname>
            <given-names>Marcel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Abou-Tair</surname>
            <given-names>Dhiah el Diehn I</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Lambropoulos</surname>
            <given-names>Niki</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany</addr-line>
        <institution>University of Siegen</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Siegen</addr-line>
        <country>Germany</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan</addr-line>
        <institution>German Jordanian University</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Amman</addr-line>
        <country>Jordan</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">University of Patras, Patras, Greece</addr-line>
        <institution>University of Patras</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Patras</addr-line>
        <country>Greece</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Mohamed Bourimi (<email xlink:type="simple">bourimi@wiwi.uni-siegen.de</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>19</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <fpage>912</fpage>
      <lpage>931</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/BF7DDBF0-A502-5129-B4D4-058E1C4F6CF1">BF7DDBF0-A502-5129-B4D4-058E1C4F6CF1</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5505297">5505297</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2012</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Mohamed Bourimi, Dogan Kesdogan, Marcel Heupel, Dhiah el Diehn I Abou-Tair, Niki Lambropoulos</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) support is currently widely accepted to provide reliable and valid formal and informal educational practices as proven to benefit students in onsite as well as distant educational settings. However, some results from case studies indicate that privacy problems could negatively affect CSCL implementation in educational settings. Privacy Enhancing Technologies research (PETs) and the development of multilaterally secure systems are still limited research topics within CSCL due to diverse reasons. Based on deep related literature analysis and previous research results conducted by the authors in building CSCL systems, three main categories were identified for such reasons that have an impact in PETs and multilateral security research: lack of awareness of such PETs existence; lack of knowledge on ways to efficiently integrate them in CSCL systems and settings; and reluctance to consider their multilaterally secure implementation by CSCL participations due to conflict of interests (e.g. explicit students monitoring requirements, high integration costs, etc.). In this paper, these categories are addressed and the PETs potential is discussed for overcoming the associated emerging drawbacks focused on the distance education CSCL settings in particular. The result of our research is an integrated framework considering multilateral security requirements. Furthermore, proof of concept is provided; enhanced privacy in such settings is applied by demonstrating the fulfilment of selected improvements areas (i.e. mainly network, application anonymity, and process support for resolving potential multilateral security conflicts) in an existing collaborative distance education system.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
