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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-020-07-1026</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23335</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>D.2.8 - Metrics</subject>
          <subject>H.2 - DATABASE MANAGEMENT</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>First-Person Locomotion in 3D Virtual Environments: a Usability Analysis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Moya</surname>
            <given-names>Sergio</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">smoya@lsi.upc.edu</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Grau</surname>
            <given-names>Sergi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Tost</surname>
            <given-names>Dani</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Polytechnical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line>
        <institution>Polytechnical University of Catalonia</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Barcelona</addr-line>
        <country>Spain</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Sergio Moya (<email xlink:type="simple">smoya@lsi.upc.edu</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>20</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <fpage>1026</fpage>
      <lpage>1045</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/957C62F8-7ECC-530B-9A29-973C71E32CB1">957C62F8-7ECC-530B-9A29-973C71E32CB1</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5505319">5505319</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Sergio Moya, Sergi Grau, Dani Tost</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>3D Virtual Environments (VE) are becoming popular as a tool for cognitive, functional and psychological assessment. Navigation in these environments is recognized as one of the most difficult activities in 3D Virtual Environments (VE). Users unfamiliar to 3D games, specially elder persons, get puzzled when they try to virtually move an avatar through these environments. Their inability to navigate prevents them from concentrating in the task and even to finish it. In this paper, we analyze the influence of different factors in locomotion control. We investigate the impact of having the cursor fixed at the camera center or leaving it free inside the current view. We also analyze the influence of the pitch angle on the camera control. In addition, we have designed an automatic locomotion system that we compare to user-controlled locomotion. We describe a virtual scenario and a test task that we have implemented to evaluate these different methods with users of diverse profiles.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
