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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-021-07-0976</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23348</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>H.3.5 - Online Information Services</subject>
          <subject>L.3.0 - eLearning Systems/Technology/Tools/Platforms</subject>
          <subject>L.3.6 - Technology Enhanced Learning</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tracking Data in Open Learning Environments</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Jose Luis</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">joseluis.santos@cs.kuleuven.be</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Verbert</surname>
            <given-names>Katrien</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Klerkx</surname>
            <given-names>Joris</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Duval</surname>
            <given-names>Erik</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Charleer</surname>
            <given-names>Sven</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Ternier</surname>
            <given-names>Stefaan</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</addr-line>
        <institution>KU Leuven</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Leuven</addr-line>
        <country>Belgium</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Open Universiteit, Heerlen, </addr-line>
        <institution>Open Universiteit</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Heerlen</addr-line>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Jose Luis Santos (<email xlink:type="simple">joseluis.santos@cs.kuleuven.be</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>21</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <fpage>976</fpage>
      <lpage>996</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/73F762F2-831F-50D9-A5FE-4231BEB45910">73F762F2-831F-50D9-A5FE-4231BEB45910</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5505331">5505331</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2015</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Jose Luis Santos, Katrien Verbert, Joris Klerkx, Erik Duval, Sven Charleer, Stefaan Ternier</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>The collection and management of learning traces, metadata about actions that students perform while they learn, is a core topic in the domain of Learning Analytics. In this paper, we present a simple architecture for collecting and managing learning traces. We describe requirements, different components of the architecture, and our experiences with the successful deployment of the architecture in two different case studies: a blended learning university course and an enquiry based learning secondary school course. The architecture relies on trackers, collecting agents that fetch data from external services, for flexibility and configurability. In addition, we discuss how our architecture meets the requirements of different learning environments, critical reflections and remarks on future work.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
