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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-024-08-1015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23440</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>D.2.12 - Interoperability</subject>
          <subject>D.2.3 - Coding Tools and Techniques</subject>
          <subject>K.3.1 - Computer Uses in Education</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Study of Learning-by-Doing in MOOCs through the Integration of Third-Party External Tools: Comparison of Synchronous and Asynchronous Running Modes</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Alario-Hoyos</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">calario@it.uc3m.es</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Estévez-Ayres</surname>
            <given-names>Iria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Gallego-Romero</surname>
            <given-names>Jesús M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Delgado-Kloos</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Panadero</surname>
            <given-names>Carmen Fernández</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Crespo-García</surname>
            <given-names>Raquel M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Almenares</surname>
            <given-names>Florina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Ibáñez</surname>
            <given-names>María Blanca</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Villena-Román</surname>
            <given-names>Julio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Ruiz-Magaña</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Blasco</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
        <institution>Universidad Carlos III de Madrid</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>
        <country>Spain</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, , </addr-line>
        <institution>Universidad Carlos III de Madrid</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Royal Holloway, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
        <institution>Royal Holloway</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>
        <country>United Kingdom</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Carlos Alario-Hoyos (<email xlink:type="simple">calario@it.uc3m.es</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>24</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <fpage>1015</fpage>
      <lpage>1033</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/CA06D051-A4F3-54C2-9D33-81B5409AD206">CA06D051-A4F3-54C2-9D33-81B5409AD206</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5505467">5505467</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Carlos Alario-Hoyos, Iria Estévez-Ayres, Jesús M. Gallego-Romero, Carlos Delgado-Kloos, Carmen Fernández Panadero, Raquel M. Crespo-García, Florina Almenares, María Blanca Ibáñez, Julio Villena-Román, Jorge Ruiz-Magaña, Jorge Blasco</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Many MOOCs are being designed replicating traditional passive teaching approaches but using video lectures as the means of transmitting information. However, it is well known that learning-by-doing increases retention rates and, thus, allows achieving a more effective learning. To this end, it is worth exploring which tools fit best in the context of each MOOC to enrich learners' experience, including built-in tools already available in the MOOC platform, and third-party external tools which can be integrated in the MOOC platform. This paper presents an example of the integration of a software development tool, called Codeboard, in three MOOCs which serve as an introduction to programming with Java. We analyze the effect this tool has on learners' interaction and engagement when running the MOOCs in synchronous (instructor-paced) or asynchronous (self-paced) modes. Results show that the overall use of the tool is similar, regardless of the course running mode, although in the case of the synchronous mode the use of the tool is concentrated in a shorter period of time. Results also show that in the synchronous mode there is a higher percentage of accesses to the tool from registered learners (who can save their advances and continue the work later); this finding suggests that learners in the synchronous running mode are more engaged with the MOOC.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
