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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-019-11-1638</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23636</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>K.3.1 - Computer Uses in Education</subject>
          <subject>L.1.3 - Ontology/Taxonomy and Classification</subject>
          <subject>L.1.4 - Semantic Web</subject>
          <subject>L.2.0 - Adaption/Adaptive eLearning</subject>
          <subject>L.3.0 - eLearning Systems/Technology/Tools/Platforms</subject>
          <subject>L.3.1 - Human Computer Interface</subject>
          <subject>L.3.5 - Online Education</subject>
          <subject>L.3.6 - Technology Enhanced Learning</subject>
          <subject>L.6.2 - Collaboration</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Dual-Modal System that Evaluates User's Emotions in Virtual Learning Environments and Responds Affectively</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Feidakis</surname>
            <given-names>Michalis</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">mfeidakis@aegean.gr</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Daradoumis</surname>
            <given-names>Thanasis</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Caballe</surname>
            <given-names>Santi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Conesa</surname>
            <given-names>Jordi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Gañán</surname>
            <given-names>David</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">University of Aegean, Mytilini, Greece</addr-line>
        <institution>University of Aegean</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Mytilini</addr-line>
        <country>Greece</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line>
        <institution>Open University of Catalonia</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Barcelona</addr-line>
        <country>Spain</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Michalis Feidakis (<email xlink:type="simple">mfeidakis@aegean.gr</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>19</volume>
      <issue>11</issue>
      <fpage>1638</fpage>
      <lpage>1660</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/8EE20946-EBA2-50A7-9C04-53349435120B">8EE20946-EBA2-50A7-9C04-53349435120B</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5505733">5505733</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2012</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Michalis Feidakis, Thanasis Daradoumis, Santi Caballe, Jordi Conesa, David Gañán</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Endowing learning systems with emotion awareness features (capture user's affective state and provide affective feedback), seems quite promising. This paper describes a system implementation that provides emotion awareness, both explicitly, by self-reporting of emotions through a usable web tool, and implicitly, via sentiment analysis. Prominent theories, models and techniques of emotion, emotion learning, emotion detection and affective feedback are reviewed. We also present findings from our experiment with university students, validating the explicit mechanism in real education settings. Finally, we set open issues for future experimentation, contributing to the research agenda.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
