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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-022-12-1533</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23764</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>D.2.3 - Coding Tools and Techniques</subject>
          <subject>D.2.6 - Programming Environments</subject>
          <subject>K.3.2 - Computer and Information Science Education</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Examining the Relationship between Socialization and Improved Software Development Skills in the Scratch Code Learning Environment</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Moreno-León</surname>
            <given-names>Jesús</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">jesus.moreno@programamos.es</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Robles</surname>
            <given-names>Gregorio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Román-González</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Programamos.es, Seville, Spain</addr-line>
        <institution>Programamos.es</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Seville</addr-line>
        <country>Spain</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
        <institution>Universidad Rey Juan Carlos</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>
        <country>Spain</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
        <institution>Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>
        <country>Spain</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Jesús Moreno-León (<email xlink:type="simple">jesus.moreno@programamos.es</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>22</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>1533</fpage>
      <lpage>1557</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/BA83C7DB-25BE-5696-98F7-8B53BA63B4EC">BA83C7DB-25BE-5696-98F7-8B53BA63B4EC</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5505877">5505877</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Jesús Moreno-León, Gregorio Robles, Marcos Román-González</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>In the last years, socialization of the software development process has been proven to be an emergent practice, becoming social development platforms (such as GitHub or GitLab) very popular among software developers. However, little is still known about how social factors inuence software development. In particular, in this paper we focus on how socialization affects the learning of programming skills, as developing software can be considered, in part, a continuous learning process. Aiming to shed some light in this regard, we analyze the social interactions of almost 70,000 users and the sophistication of over 1.5 million software products authored by them in the Scratch platform, the most popular social coding site for learning to program. The results indicate that there is a relationship between the social conducts of users and the improvement of their programming abilities, showing that more social actions performed by users is positively associated with more sophistication in their programs. Furthermore, the results also provide evidence that the relationship of social factors with the development of software programming skills tends to grow with time.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
