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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-023-12-1147</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23771</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>D.2.2 - Design Tools and Techniques</subject>
          <subject>L.3.0 - eLearning Systems/Technology/Tools/Platforms</subject>
          <subject>L.7.0 - Wireless/Pervasive Computing</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Development and Evaluation of a Model-Driven System to Support Mobile Learning in Field Trips</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Marçal</surname>
            <given-names>Edgar</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">edgar@virtual.ufc.br</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Rossana Maria de Castro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Viana</surname>
            <given-names>Windson</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil</addr-line>
        <institution>Federal University of Ceará (UFC)</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Fortaleza</addr-line>
        <country>Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Edgar Marçal (<email xlink:type="simple">edgar@virtual.ufc.br</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>23</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>1147</fpage>
      <lpage>1171</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/849F28F4-B523-5666-92C3-30F3A50BC39D">849F28F4-B523-5666-92C3-30F3A50BC39D</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5505887">5505887</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Edgar Marçal, Rossana Maria de Castro Andrade, Windson Viana</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>While field trips promote the scientific spirit of students by increasing their ability of observation and discovery in various areas of knowledge, the introduction of ubiquitous technologies, such as sensors and actuators, during the field trips, improves students' motivation and learning. However, the development of systems for this purpose implies to deal with the seamless treatment of the devices heterogeneity, absence of fixed communication infrastructure, dynamics of the computational elements of the environment, and support for user mobility. This paper presents then the development and evaluation of a system, called Ubiquitous Field Classes Inventor (UFC-Inventor), which aims to promote the use of mobile and ubiquitous technologies in field trips. The UFC-Inventor evaluation is performed in two stages: first, with five teachers of natural sciences; and later, during a field trip with seventeen students. Two of the teachers were from higher education (Geology and Animal Science) and three of them from high school (two in Geography and one in Biology). The seventeen students who participated in the case study were undergraduate students in the third year of their Geology course. The results suggest a good acceptance of UFC-Inventor and indicate that its execution occurred correctly.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
