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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-019-15-2292</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23892</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>B.4.m - Miscellaneous</subject>
          <subject>C.3 - SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND APPLICATION-BASED SYSTEMS</subject>
          <subject>H.1.2 - User/Machine Systems</subject>
          <subject>H.4.3 - Communications Applications</subject>
          <subject>H.5.3 - Group and Organization Interfaces</subject>
          <subject>I.2.1 - Applications and Expert Systems</subject>
          <subject>J.3 - LIFE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES</subject>
          <subject>J.4 - SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES</subject>
          <subject>J.7 - COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Self-Aware Trader: A New Approach to Safer Trading</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Fernández</surname>
            <given-names>Javier Martínez</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">javier.martinez@htwg-konstanz.de</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Augusto</surname>
            <given-names>Juan Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Trombino</surname>
            <given-names>Giuseppe</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Seepold</surname>
            <given-names>Ralf</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Madrid</surname>
            <given-names>Natividad Martinez</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Hochschule Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany</addr-line>
        <institution>Hochschule Konstanz</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Konstanz</addr-line>
        <country>Germany</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
        <institution>Middlesex University</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>
        <country>United Kingdom</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">School of Computing and Mathematics, Ulster, United Kingdom</addr-line>
        <institution>School of Computing and Mathematics</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Ulster</addr-line>
        <country>United Kingdom</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A4">
        <label>4</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">University of Reutlingen, Reutlingen, Germany</addr-line>
        <institution>University of Reutlingen</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Reutlingen</addr-line>
        <country>Germany</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Javier Martínez Fernández (<email xlink:type="simple">javier.martinez@htwg-konstanz.de</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>19</volume>
      <issue>15</issue>
      <fpage>2292</fpage>
      <lpage>2319</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/417221EA-4097-5215-99A9-71A3DD5878E3">417221EA-4097-5215-99A9-71A3DD5878E3</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5506055">5506055</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Javier Martínez Fernández, Juan Carlos Augusto, Giuseppe Trombino, Ralf Seepold, Natividad Martinez Madrid</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Traders are required to work in the financial market with highly complex information and to perform efficiently under high levels of psychological pressure. Multiple disciplines, from programs with artificial intelligence to complex mathematical functions, are used to help traders in their effort to maximize profits. However, an essential problem not yet considered in this rapidly evolving environment is that traders are not supported to adequately manage how stress influences their decisions. This paper takes into consideration the negative influences of stress on individuals and proposes a system designed to support traders by providing them with information that can reduce the likelihood of poor decision-making. The system has been designed considering both technical and physiological aspects to make information available in a suitable way. Biometric sensors are used to collect data associated with stress, a software platform then analyses this information and displays it to the trader. The resulting system is capable of making individual traders, as well as teams of traders, self-aware of their levels of stress. The system has been tested in real environments and the results provide evidence that self-aware traders benefit from the system by reducing risky decision-making.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
