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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/jucs.2020.014</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23999</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>I.2.10 - Vision and Scene Understanding</subject>
          <subject>I.2.1 - Applications and Expert Systems</subject>
          <subject>I.2.6 - Learning</subject>
          <subject>I.4.0 - General</subject>
          <subject>I.4.6 - Segmentation</subject>
          <subject>I.4.8 - Scene Analysis</subject>
          <subject>I.4.9 - Applications</subject>
          <subject>I.5.3 - Clustering</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Convolutional Neural Networks and Transfer Learning Based Classification of Natural Landscape Images</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Krstinić</surname>
            <given-names>Damir</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">damir.krstinic@fesb.hr</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Braović</surname>
            <given-names>Maja</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Božić-Štulic</surname>
            <given-names>Dunja</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Split, Croatia</addr-line>
        <institution>Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Split</addr-line>
        <country>Croatia</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Damir Krstinić (<email xlink:type="simple">damir.krstinic@fesb.hr</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>26</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>244</fpage>
      <lpage>267</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/D9B2E302-1386-553A-9D8F-F37AD0555F31">D9B2E302-1386-553A-9D8F-F37AD0555F31</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5508495">5508495</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Damir Krstinić, Maja Braović, Dunja Božić-Štulic</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-ND 4.0). This license allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Natural landscape image classification is a difficult problem in computer vision. Many classes that can be found in such images are often ambiguous and can easily be confused with each other (e.g. smoke and fog), and not just by a computer algorithm, but by a human as well. Since natural landscape video surveillance became relatively pervasive in recent years, in this paper we focus on the classification of natural landscape images taken mostly from forest fire monitoring towers. Since these images usually suffer from the lack of the usual low and middle level features (e.g. sharp edges and corners), and since their quality is degraded by atmospheric conditions, this makes the already difficult problem of natural landscape classification even more challenging. In this paper we tackle the problem of automatic natural landscape classiffication by proposing and evaluating a classifier based on a pretrained deep convolutional neural network and transfer learning.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
