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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/jucs.2020.026</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">24011</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>H.3.1 - Content Analysis and Indexing</subject>
          <subject>H.3.2 - Information Storage</subject>
          <subject>H.3.3 - Information Search and Retrieval</subject>
          <subject>H.3.7 - Digital Libraries</subject>
          <subject>H.5.1 - Multimedia Information Systems</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Real-Time Bot Detection from Twitter Using the Twitterbot+ Framework</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Daouadi</surname>
            <given-names>Kheir Eddine</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">khairi.informatique@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Rebaï</surname>
            <given-names>Rim Zghal</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Amous</surname>
            <given-names>Ikram</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia</addr-line>
        <institution>Sfax University</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Sfax</addr-line>
        <country>Tunisia</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Kheir Eddine Daouadi (<email xlink:type="simple">khairi.informatique@gmail.com</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>26</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>496</fpage>
      <lpage>507</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/8652B16C-2AE7-5908-BB27-B7E0F3294AD3">8652B16C-2AE7-5908-BB27-B7E0F3294AD3</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5508519">5508519</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Kheir Eddine Daouadi, Rim Zghal Rebaï, Ikram Amous</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-ND 4.0). This license allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Nowadays, bot detection from Twitter attracts the attention of several researchers around the world. Different bot detection approaches have been proposed as a result of these research efforts. Four of the main challenges faced in this context are the diversity of types of content propagated throughout Twitter, the problem inherent to the text, the lack of sufficient labeled datasets and the fact that the current bot detection approaches are not sufficient to detect bot activities accurately. We propose, Twitterbot+, a bot detection system that leveraged a minimal number of language-independent features extracted from one single tweet with temporal enrichment of a previously labeled datasets. We conducted experiments on three benchmark datasets with standard evaluation scenarios, and the achieved results demonstrate the efficiency of Twitterbot+ against the state-of-the-art. This yielded a promising accuracy results (&gt;95%). Our proposition is suitable for accurate and real-time use in a Twitter data collection step as an initial filtering technique to improve the quality of research data.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
