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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/jucs.2020.048</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">24094</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>L.3.0 - eLearning Systems/Technology/Tools/Platforms</subject>
          <subject>L.3.3 - Learning Preferences</subject>
          <subject>L.3.6 - Technology Enhanced Learning</subject>
          <subject>L.5.1 - Game Based Learning/Gaming</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Assessing the Impact of Game Modalities in Second Language Acquisition: <I>ELLE the EndLess LEarner</I></article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Johnson</surname>
            <given-names>Emily K.</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">ekj@ucf.edu</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Giroux</surname>
            <given-names>Amy Larner</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Merritt</surname>
            <given-names>Don</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Vitanova</surname>
            <given-names>Gergana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Sandra</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">University of Central Florida, Orlando, United States of America</addr-line>
        <institution>University of Central Florida</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Orlando</addr-line>
        <country>United States of America</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Emily K. Johnson (<email xlink:type="simple">ekj@ucf.edu</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>26</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <fpage>880</fpage>
      <lpage>903</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/645C2F2E-B89B-583A-B9A5-60663DF7226D">645C2F2E-B89B-583A-B9A5-60663DF7226D</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5508563">5508563</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Emily K. Johnson, Amy Larner Giroux, Don Merritt, Gergana Vitanova, Sandra Sousa</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-ND 4.0). This license allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>This paper describes a study comparing four educational videogames designed for second language acquisition (SLA) of Portuguese vocabulary terms: three versions (one VR and two PC versions with different perspectives) of an endless-runner called ELLE the EndLess LEarner and a control game This or That, which is a digitized flashcard system. A total of 68 university students took a pre-test assessing vocabulary knowledge, played one of the four versions for a total of 20 minutes, and took a post-test that assessed vocabulary knowledge and player experience. The study showed significant learning gains for all participants, regardless of which version of the game they played, with the highest increases coming from the group playing the control flashcard game. Possible explanations for these results are discussed, along with the results from post-test gameplay items of playability, engrossment, enjoyment, gratification, and immersion.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
