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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/jucs.2020.062</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">24114</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>M.0 - KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Cooperative Design Method for SMEs to Adopt New Technologies for Knowledge Management: A Multiple Case Study</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Fessl</surname>
            <given-names>Angela</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">afessl@know-center.at</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Pammer-Schindler</surname>
            <given-names>Viktoria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Pata</surname>
            <given-names>Kai</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Feyertag</surname>
            <given-names>Sandra</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Mõttus</surname>
            <given-names>Mati</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Janus</surname>
            <given-names>Jörgen</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Ley</surname>
            <given-names>Tobias</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Know-Center GmbH, Graz, Austria</addr-line>
        <institution>Know-Center GmbH</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Graz</addr-line>
        <country>Austria</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria</addr-line>
        <institution>Graz University of Technology</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Graz</addr-line>
        <country>Austria</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia</addr-line>
        <institution>Tallinn University</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Tallinn</addr-line>
        <country>Estonia</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Angela Fessl (<email xlink:type="simple">afessl@know-center.at</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>26</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <fpage>1189</fpage>
      <lpage>1212</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/1262B8C2-B4A9-5FBA-A616-CAEB2AC8269E">1262B8C2-B4A9-5FBA-A616-CAEB2AC8269E</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/5508593">5508593</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Angela Fessl, Viktoria Pammer-Schindler, Kai Pata, Sandra Feyertag, Mati Mõttus, Jörgen Janus, Tobias Ley</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-ND 4.0). This license allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>This paper presents cooperative design as method to address the needs of SMEs to gain sufficient knowledge about new technologies in order for them to decide about adoption for knowledge management. We developed and refined a cooperative design method iteratively over nine use cases. In each use case, the goal was to match the SME's knowledge management needs with offerings of new (to the SMEs) technologies. Where traditionally, innovation adoption and diffusion literature assume new knowledge to be transferred from knowledgeable stakeholders to less knowledgeable stakeholders, our method is built on cooperative design. In this, the relevant knowledge is constructed by the SMEs who wish to decide upon the adoption of novel technologies through the cooperative design process. The presented method is constituted of an analysis stage based on activity theory and a design stage based on paper prototyping and design workshops. In all nine cases, our method led to a good understanding a) of the domain by researchers - validated by the creation of meaningful first-version paper prototypes and b) of new technologies - validated by meaningful input to design and plausible assessment of technologies' benefit for the respective SME. Practitioners and researchers alike are invited to use the here documented tools to cooperatively match the domain needs of practitioners with the offerings of new technologies. The value of our work lies in providing a concrete implementation of the cooperative design paradigm that is based on an established theory (activity theory) for work analysis and established tools of cooperative design (paper prototypes and design workshops as media of communication); and a discussion based on nine heterogeneous use cases.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
