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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-004-03-0308</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27482</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>D.0 - GENERAL</subject>
          <subject>D.2 - SOFTWARE ENGINEERING</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Estimation Metrics for Courseware Maintenance Effort</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Thackaberry</surname>
            <given-names>Christine W.</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">tberrys@owt.com</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Rada</surname>
            <given-names>Roy</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America</addr-line>
        <institution>School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Pullman, WA</addr-line>
        <country>United States of America</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Christine W. Thackaberry (<email xlink:type="simple">tberrys@owt.com</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>1998</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>1998</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>308</fpage>
      <lpage>325</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/3ED1C2E7-3C1E-5AC2-B756-37DE30B6AFFA">3ED1C2E7-3C1E-5AC2-B756-37DE30B6AFFA</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/6995540">6995540</uri>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Christine W. Thackaberry, Roy Rada</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Software engineering methods and metrics to estimate development time for the development and maintenance of computer-based training (CBT) differ from methods and metrics used to develop large information systems. The estimation techniques for large information systems employ Lines-Of-Code and Feature/Function points to calculate project effort in staff-months [Boehm 1981], techniques that are difficult to apply to CBT effort estimation. For the development of computer-based training systems, Development to Delivery Time Ratios have been the usual estimation metric, but these also have limitations [Marshall et al. 1995]. Metrics to accurately measure the development effort of Multimedia Information Systems (MIS) are currently being developed and investigated [Fletcher et al. 1997], but still differ from computer-based training systems development. This paper presents an estimation model for effort development of small courseware projects (less than 2 staff-months). By identifying the sub-tasks of the development phase, an individual estimation technique is suggested for each sub-task. The sum of all sub-tasks estimations determines the total effort estimation for the development phase of a particular lesson. Incorporating historical data as a baseline and identifying risk cost factors, this method is accurate for estimating effort of some sub-tasks and for the lesson unit as a whole. This method is not meant to be a "silver bullet" [Brooks 1995] but a start toward building an accurate estimation tool and a refinement of the development process.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
