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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-007-12-1114</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27840</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>F.2.2 - Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Generic NP-hardness Proof for a Variant of Graph Coloring</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Bodlaender</surname>
            <given-names>Hans L.</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">hansb@cs.uu.nl</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Institute of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, , Netherlands</addr-line>
        <institution>Institute of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University</institution>
        <country>Netherlands</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Hans L. Bodlaender (<email xlink:type="simple">hansb@cs.uu.nl</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2001</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2001</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>7</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>1114</fpage>
      <lpage>1124</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/B0761049-3884-5E49-B72C-57EE1ED92EB5">B0761049-3884-5E49-B72C-57EE1ED92EB5</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/6996089">6996089</uri>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Hans L. Bodlaender</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>In this note, a direct proof is given of the NP-completeness of a variant of GRAPH COLORING, i.e., a generic proof similar to the proof of Cook of the NP-completeness of SATISFIABILITY. Then, transformations from this variant of GRAPH COLORING to INDEPENDENT SET and to SATISFIABILITY are shown. These proofs could be useful in an educational setting, where basics of the theory of NP-completeness must be explained to students whose background in combinatorial optimisation and/or graph theory is stronger than their background in logic. In addition, I believe that the proof given here is slightly easier than older generic proofs of NP-completeness.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
