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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-008-03-0369</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27867</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>F.1.1 - Models of Computation</subject>
          <subject>F.4.2 - Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems</subject>
          <subject>F.4.3 - Formal Languages</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Membrane Computing: The Power of (Rule) Creation</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Arroyo</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">farroyo@eui.upm.es</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Baranda</surname>
            <given-names>Angel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Castellanos</surname>
            <given-names>Juan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Paun</surname>
            <given-names>Gheorghe</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Dpto. de Lenguajes, Proyectos y Sistemas Informaticos, Escuela de Informática, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
        <institution>Dpto. de Lenguajes, Proyectos y Sistemas Informaticos, Escuela de Informática</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>
        <country>Spain</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Dpto. de Inteligencia Artificial Facultad de Informática, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
        <institution>Dpto. de Inteligencia Artificial Facultad de Informática</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>
        <country>Spain</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania</addr-line>
        <institution>Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>
        <country>Romania</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Fernando Arroyo (<email xlink:type="simple">farroyo@eui.upm.es</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2002</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2002</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>8</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>369</fpage>
      <lpage>381</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/EE73F2A9-6388-5A7B-9E74-5962BECEE175">EE73F2A9-6388-5A7B-9E74-5962BECEE175</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/6996145">6996145</uri>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Fernando Arroyo, Angel Baranda, Juan Castellanos, Gheorghe Paun</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>We consider a uniform way of treating objects and rules in P systems: we start with multisets of rules, which are consumed when they are applied, but the application of a rule may also produce rules, to be applied at subsequent steps. We find that this natural and simple feature is surprisingly powerful: systems with only one membrane can characterize the recursively enumerable languages, both in the case of rewriting and of splicing rules, the same result is obtained in the case of symbol-objects, for the recursively enumerable sets of vectors of natural numbers.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
