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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-008-07-0722</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27898</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>F.4.3 - Formal Languages</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Heyting Algebras and Formal Languages</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Kuich</surname>
            <given-names>Werner</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">kuich@tuwien.ac.at</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Sauer</surname>
            <given-names>Norbert</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Urbanek</surname>
            <given-names>Friedrich</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Institut für Algebra und Computermathematik, Technische Universität Wien, Wien, Austria</addr-line>
        <institution>Institut für Algebra und Computermathematik, Technische Universität Wien</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Wien</addr-line>
        <country>Austria</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">University of Calgary, , Canada</addr-line>
        <institution>University of Calgary</institution>
        <country>Canada</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria</addr-line>
        <institution>Vienna University of Technology</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Vienna</addr-line>
        <country>Austria</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Werner Kuich (<email xlink:type="simple">kuich@tuwien.ac.at</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2002</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2002</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>8</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <fpage>722</fpage>
      <lpage>736</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/7799FCA8-4E8F-50A9-BDFB-415BF77780FE">7799FCA8-4E8F-50A9-BDFB-415BF77780FE</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/6996205">6996205</uri>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Werner Kuich, Norbert Sauer, Friedrich Urbanek</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>By introducing a new operation, the exponentiation of formal languages, we can define Heyting algebras of formal languages. It turns out that some well known families of languages are closed under this exponentiation, e. g., the families of regular and of context-sensitive languages.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
