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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-012-04-0450</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">28609</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>D.2.2 - Design Tools and Techniques</subject>
          <subject>J.2 - PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>DS/CDMA Multiuser Detection with Evolutionary Algorithms</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Ciriaco</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">fernandociriaco@sercomtel.com.br</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Abrão</surname>
            <given-names>Taufik</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Jeszensky</surname>
            <given-names>Paul Jean E.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">State University of Londrina - UEL, , Brazil</addr-line>
        <institution>State University of Londrina - UEL</institution>
        <country>Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Polytechnic School of São Paulo University - EPUSP, , Brazil</addr-line>
        <institution>Polytechnic School of São Paulo University - EPUSP</institution>
        <country>Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Fernando Ciriaco (<email xlink:type="simple">fernandociriaco@sercomtel.com.br</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2006</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2006</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>12</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>450</fpage>
      <lpage>480</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/AF4385B1-3DB4-59FD-9A42-7C652D28F15A">AF4385B1-3DB4-59FD-9A42-7C652D28F15A</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/6997014">6997014</uri>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Fernando Ciriaco, Taufik Abrão, Paul Jean E. Jeszensky</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>This work analyses two heuristic algorithms based on the genetic evolution theory applied to direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) com­ munication systems. For different phases of an evolutionary algorithm new biological processes are analyzed, specially adapted to the multiuser detection (MuD) problem in multipath fading channels. Monte Carlo simulation results show that the detection based on evolutionary heuristic algorithms is a viable option when compared with the optimum solution (ML ­ maximum likelihood), even for hostile channel conditions and severe system operation. Additionally, a comparative table is presented considering the relation between bit error rate (BER) and complexity as the main analyzed figure of merit. Each algorithm complexity is determined and compared with others based on the required number of computational operations to reach de optimum performance and also the spent computational time.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
