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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-014-02-0237</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">28941</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>H.3.7 - Digital Libraries</subject>
          <subject>H.5.4 - Hypertext/Hypermedia</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Combining Classifiers in the ROC-space for Off-line Signature Verification</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">soares@ppgia.pucpr.br</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Justino</surname>
            <given-names>Edson</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Sabourin</surname>
            <given-names>Robert</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Bortolozzi</surname>
            <given-names>Flávio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil</addr-line>
        <institution>Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Curitiba</addr-line>
        <country>Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">École de Technologie Superieure, , Canada</addr-line>
        <institution>École de Technologie Superieure</institution>
        <country>Canada</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">OPET College, , Brazil</addr-line>
        <institution>OPET College</institution>
        <country>Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Luiz S. Oliveira (<email xlink:type="simple">soares@ppgia.pucpr.br</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>14</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>237</fpage>
      <lpage>251</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/FE727939-6FDA-5FAA-A56A-C441721BA187">FE727939-6FDA-5FAA-A56A-C441721BA187</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/7000084">7000084</uri>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Luiz S. Oliveira, Edson Justino, Robert Sabourin, Flávio Bortolozzi</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>In this work we present a strategy for off-line signature verification. It takes intoaccount a writer-independent model which reduces the pattern recognition problem to a 2-class problem, hence, makes it possible to build robust signature verification systems even when fewsignatures per writer are available. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves are used to improve the performance of the proposed system . The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First of all, we analyze the impacts of choosing different fusion strategies to combine the partial decisions yielded by the SVM classifiers. Then ROC produced by different classifiers are combined using maximum likelihood analysis, producingan ROC combined classifier. Through comprehensive experiments on a database composed of 100 writers, we demonstrate that the ROC combined classifier based on the writer-independentapproach can reduce considerably false rejection rate while keeping false acceptance rates at acceptable levels.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
