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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-014-18-2967</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">29204</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>H.3.7 - Digital Libraries</subject>
          <subject>H.5.4 - Hypertext/Hypermedia</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Using Conjunctions and Adverbs for Author Verification</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Pavelec</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">pavelec@ppgia.pucpr.br</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Justino</surname>
            <given-names>Edson</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Batista</surname>
            <given-names>Leonardo V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil</addr-line>
        <institution>Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Curitiba</addr-line>
        <country>Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil</addr-line>
        <institution>Federal University of Paraíba</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">João Pessoa</addr-line>
        <country>Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Daniel Pavelec (<email xlink:type="simple">pavelec@ppgia.pucpr.br</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>14</volume>
      <issue>18</issue>
      <fpage>2967</fpage>
      <lpage>2981</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/A007AFFD-8FF1-52B2-8FBF-DDAD95FEFCEC">A007AFFD-8FF1-52B2-8FBF-DDAD95FEFCEC</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/7000497">7000497</uri>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Daniel Pavelec, Luiz S. Oliveira, Edson Justino, Leonardo V. Batista</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Linguistics and stylistics have been investigated for author identification for quite awhile, but recently, we have testified a impressive growth in the volume with which lawyers and courts have called upon the expertise of linguists in cases of disputed authorship. This motivatescomputer science researchers to look to the problem of author identification from a different perspective. In this work, we propose a stylometric feature set based on conjunctions and ad-verbs of the Portuguese language to address the problem of author identification. Two different approaches of classification were considered. The first one is called writer-independent and it re-duces the pattern recognition problem to a single model and two classes, hence, makes it possible to build robust system even when few genuine samples per writer are available. The second oneis called the personal model, or writer-dependent, which very often performs better but needs a bigger number of samples per writer. Experiments on a database composed of short articlesfrom 30 different authors and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as classifier demonstrate that the proposed strategy can produced results comparable to the literature.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
