<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//TaxonX//DTD Taxonomic Treatment Publishing DTD v0 20100105//EN" "../../nlm/tax-treatment-NS0.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:tp="http://www.plazi.org/taxpub" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-016-06-0891</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">29650</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>G.1.8 - Partial Differential Equations</subject>
          <subject>J.2 - PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING</subject>
          <subject>J.6 - COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Newton Method for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems with Adaptive Time Stepping</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Shen</surname>
            <given-names>Wensheng</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">wshen@brockport.edu</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Zhang</surname>
            <given-names>Changjiang</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Zhang</surname>
            <given-names>Jun</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Ma</surname>
            <given-names>Xiaoqian</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">State University of New York, Brockport, United States of America</addr-line>
        <institution>State University of New York</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Brockport</addr-line>
        <country>United States of America</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States of America</addr-line>
        <institution>University of Kentucky</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Lexington</addr-line>
        <country>United States of America</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China</addr-line>
        <institution>South China University of Technology</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Guangzhou</addr-line>
        <country>China</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Wensheng Shen (<email xlink:type="simple">wshen@brockport.edu</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2010</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2010</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>16</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>891</fpage>
      <lpage>902</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/BB33D9CC-B23F-52E5-86D8-487D4E242340">BB33D9CC-B23F-52E5-86D8-487D4E242340</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/7001161">7001161</uri>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Wensheng Shen, Changjiang Zhang, Jun Zhang, Xiaoqian Ma</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>This paper presents a nonlinear solver based on the Newton-Krylov methods, where the Newton equations are solved by Krylov-subspace type approaches. We focus on the solution of unsteady systems, in which the temporal terms are discretized by the backward Euler method using finite difference. To save computational cost, an adaptive time stepping is used to minimize the number of time steps. The developed program can be applied to solve any nonlinear equations, provided the users could supply the discrete form of the equations. In particular, the nonlinear solver is implemented to solve unsteady reacting flows.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
