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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-017-01-0081</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">29880</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>I.2.1 - Applications and Expert Systems</subject>
          <subject>I.4.9 - Applications</subject>
          <subject>I.5.4 - Applications</subject>
          <subject>J.6 - COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Fusion of Complementary Online and Offline Strategies for Recognition of Handwritten Kannada Characters</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Rampalli</surname>
            <given-names>Rakesh</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">rrakesh100@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Ramakrishnan</surname>
            <given-names>Angarai Ganesan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India</addr-line>
        <institution>Indian Institute of Science</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Bangalore</addr-line>
        <country>India</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Rakesh Rampalli (<email xlink:type="simple">rrakesh100@gmail.com</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2011</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2011</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>17</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>81</fpage>
      <lpage>93</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/B13B098E-E862-55C0-84F2-8BCC3AB765FD">B13B098E-E862-55C0-84F2-8BCC3AB765FD</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/7001523">7001523</uri>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Rakesh Rampalli, Angarai Ganesan Ramakrishnan</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>This work describes an online handwritten character recognition system working in combination with an offline recognition system. The online input data is also converted into an offline image, and in parallel recognized by both online and offline strategies. Features are proposed for offline recognition and a disambiguation step is employed in the offline system for the samples for which the confidence level of the classier is low. The outputs are then combined probabilistically resulting in a classier out-performing both individual systems. Experiments are performed for Kannada, a South Indian Language, over a database of 295 classes. The accuracy of the online recognizer improves by 11% when the combination with offline system is used.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
