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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3217/jucs-017-03-0472</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">29909</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>L.1.2 - Learning Objects</subject>
          <subject>L.2.3 - Innovation</subject>
          <subject>L.3.6 - Technology Enhanced Learning</subject>
          <subject>L.6.0 - Learning Networks</subject>
          <subject>L.6.2 - Collaboration</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pragmatic Knowledge Services</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Pohjola</surname>
            <given-names>Mikko</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">mikko.pohjola@thl.fi</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Pohjola</surname>
            <given-names>Pasi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Paavola</surname>
            <given-names>Sami</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Bauters</surname>
            <given-names>Merja</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Tuomisto</surname>
            <given-names>Jouni</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland</addr-line>
        <institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Kuopio</addr-line>
        <country>Finland</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line>
        <institution>National Institute for Health and Welfare</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>
        <country>Finland</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line>
        <institution>University of Helsinki</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>
        <country>Finland</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A4">
        <label>4</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line>
        <institution>Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>
        <country>Finland</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Mikko Pohjola (<email xlink:type="simple">mikko.pohjola@thl.fi</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2011</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2011</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>17</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>472</fpage>
      <lpage>497</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/88D71FEB-D1D2-5D11-BF66-C5A5AC8C7B2D">88D71FEB-D1D2-5D11-BF66-C5A5AC8C7B2D</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/7001581">7001581</uri>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Mikko Pohjola, Pasi Pohjola, Sami Paavola, Merja Bauters, Jouni Tuomisto</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This article is freely available under the J.UCS Open Content License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Knowledge, innovations and their implementation in effective practices are essential for development in all fields of societal action, e.g. policy, business, health, education, and everyday life. However, managing the interrelations between knowledge, innovation and practice is complicated. Facilitation by suitable knowledge services is needed. This paper explores the theory of converging knowledge, innovation, and practice, discusses some advances in information systems development, and identifies general requirements for pragmatic knowledge services. A trialogical approach to knowledge creation and learning is adopted as a viable theoretical basis. Also three examples of novel knowledge services Opasnet, Innovillage, and Knowledge Practices Environment (KPE), are presented. Eventually, it is concluded that pragmatic knowledge services, as hybrid systems of information technology and its users, are not only means for creation of practical knowledge, but vehicles of a cultural change from individualistic perceptions of knowledge work towards mediated collaboration.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
