<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//TaxonX//DTD Taxonomic Treatment Publishing DTD v0 20100105//EN" "../../nlm/tax-treatment-NS0.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:tp="http://www.plazi.org/taxpub" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/jucs.90663</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">90663</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>D.2.10 - Design</subject>
          <subject>D.2.11 - Software Architectures</subject>
          <subject>D.2.13 - Reusable Software</subject>
          <subject>D.2.1 - Requirements/Specifications</subject>
          <subject>D.2.5 - Testing and Debugging</subject>
          <subject>D.2.8 - Metrics</subject>
          <subject>D.2 - SOFTWARE ENGINEERING</subject>
          <subject>L.2.2 - Personalization and Profiling</subject>
          <subject>L.2 - LEARNING</subject>
          <subject>L.3.0 - eLearning Systems/Technology/Tools/Platforms</subject>
          <subject>L.3 - METHODOLOGY/TOOLS/TECHNOLOGY</subject>
          <subject>L.7.0 - Wireless/Pervasive Computing</subject>
          <subject>L.7 - UBIQUITOUS/PERVASIVE/MOBILE</subject>
          <subject>Topic D - Software</subject>
          <subject>Topic L - Science and Technology of Learning</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Development and Evaluation of a Software Product Line for M-Learning Applications</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>FalvoJr</surname>
            <given-names>Venilton</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">falvojr@usp.br</email>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-3761</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Marcolino</surname>
            <given-names>Anderson da Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4014-1882</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Duarte Filho</surname>
            <given-names>Nemésio Freitas</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-3733</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>OliveiraJr</surname>
            <given-names>Edson</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-1626</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Ellen Francine</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3275-2293</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil</addr-line>
        <institution>University of São Paulo (USP)</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">São Carlos, SP</addr-line>
        <country>Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil</addr-line>
        <institution>Federal University of Paraná</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Curitiba, PR</addr-line>
        <country>Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Federal Institute of São Paulo, São João da Boa Vista, SP, Brazil</addr-line>
        <institution>Federal Institute of São Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">São João da Boa Vista, SP</addr-line>
        <country>Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A4">
        <label>4</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil</addr-line>
        <institution>State University of Maringá</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Maringá</addr-line>
        <country>Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Venilton FalvoJr (<email xlink:type="simple">falvojr@usp.br</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>28</volume>
      <issue>10</issue>
      <fpage>1058</fpage>
      <lpage>1086</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/C28A116F-C344-5044-80FA-A15963490216">C28A116F-C344-5044-80FA-A15963490216</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/7276145">7276145</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Venilton FalvoJr, Anderson da Silva Marcolino, Nemésio Freitas Duarte Filho, Edson OliveiraJr, Ellen Francine Barbosa</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-ND 4.0). This license allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>The popularity of mobile devices in all social classes has motivated the development of mobile learning (m-learning) applications. The existing applications, even having many benefits and facilities in relation to the teaching-learning process, still presents problems and challenges, es- pecially regarding the development, reuse and architectural standardization. Particularly, there is a growing adoption of the Software Product Line (SPL) concept, in view of research that investigates these gaps. This paradigm enables organizations to explore the similarities and variabilities of their products, increasing the reuse of artifacts and, consequently, reducing costs and development time. In this context, we discuss how systematic reuse can improve the development of solutions in the m-learning domain. Therefore, this work presents the design, development and experimental evaluation of M-SPLearning, an SPL created to enable the systematic production of m-learning applications. Specifically, the conception of M-SPLearning covers from the initial study for an effective domain analysis to the implementation and evaluation of its functional version. In this regard, the products have been experimentally evaluated by industry software developers, pro- viding statistical evidence that the use of our SPL can speed up the time-to-market of m-learning applications, in addition to reducing their respective number of faults.</p>
      </abstract>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>
            <named-content content-type="funder_name">Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="funder_identifier">501100002322</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="funder_doi">http://doi.org/10.13039/501100002322</named-content>
          </funding-source>
        </award-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>
            <named-content content-type="funder_name">Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="funder_identifier">501100001807</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="funder_doi">http://doi.org/10.13039/501100001807</named-content>
          </funding-source>
        </award-group>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
