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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">109</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:3dc5f44e-8666-58db-bc76-a455210e8891</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">jucs</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0948-695X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">0948-6968</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Journal of Universal Computer Science</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/jucs.98789</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">98789</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>E.1 - DATA STRUCTURES</subject>
          <subject>I.2 - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE</subject>
          <subject>I.5 - PATTERN RECOGNITION</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Enhancing EEG-based emotion recognition using PSD-Grouped Deep Echo State Network</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Bouazizi</surname>
            <given-names>Samar</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">bouazizi.samar@gmail.com</email>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8793-1128</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Benmohamed</surname>
            <given-names>Emna</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-3962</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Ltifi</surname>
            <given-names>Hela</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-1135</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Research Groups in Intelligent Machines Lab, Sfax, Tunisia</addr-line>
        <institution>Research Groups in Intelligent Machines Lab</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Sfax</addr-line>
        <country>Tunisia</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Onaizah Colleges, Onaizah, Saudi Arabia</addr-line>
        <institution>Onaizah Colleges</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Onaizah</addr-line>
        <country>Saudi Arabia</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Samar Bouazizi (<email xlink:type="simple">bouazizi.samar@gmail.com</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>10</issue>
      <fpage>1116</fpage>
      <lpage>1138</lpage>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/9AF3A987-1FB7-5F9D-A4C4-19ED38E4FA2E">9AF3A987-1FB7-5F9D-A4C4-19ED38E4FA2E</uri>
      <uri content-type="zenodo_dep_id" xlink:href="https://zenodo.org/record/0">0</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Samar Bouazizi, Emna Benmohamed, Hela Ltifi</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-ND 4.0). This license allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Emotions are a crucial aspect of daily life and play a vital role in shaping human inter-actions. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel approach to recognize human emotions through the use of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. To recognize these signals for emotion prediction, we employ a paradigm of Reservoir Computing (RC), called Echo State Network (ESN). In our analysis, we focus on two specific classes of emotion recognition: H/L Arousal and H/L Valence. We suggest using the Deep ESN model in conjunction with the Welch Power Spectral Density (Wlech PSD) method for emotion classification and feature extraction. Furthermore, we feed the selected features to a grouped ESN for recognizing emotions. Our approach is validated on the well-known DEAP benchmark, which includes the EEG data from 32 participants. The proposed model achieved 89.32% accuracy for H/L Arousal and 91.21% accuracy for H/L Valence on the DEAP dataset. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, which yields good performance compared to existing models of emotion analysis based on EEG.</p>
      </abstract>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement>No one</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
